Spontaneous Emulsification of Citronella Oil: Effect of Processing Conditions and Production Scale

Abstract Nanoemulsions are gaining considerable interest for use in delivery of essential oil-based pesticides. Evaluation the laboratory have shown promising efficacy nanobiopesticides, and further development nanoemulsion production at larger scale is needed a wider application field. This study aimed to evaluate changes droplet size characteristics citronella oil nanoemulsions produced using spontaneous emulsification increased scales. The preparation was carried out two stages scale-up, namely (200–1000 mL) (10–50 L). process variables included stirring speed time. Characterization done on size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential microscopic structure. PDi varied with conditions scale. In general, increasing mixing time tended decrease PDI, increase potential. were minor higher Relatively small sizes found whole experiment (90–160 nm) PDI 0.2 – 0.4 -28 -8.8 mV. These results useful design practical